chad_standard/miscellaneous/emils_fever_dream_language.md

Emil's Fever Dream Language (EFDL)

Basic

EFDL is case sensitive, but I recommend you use lower case and snake_case.

Statements, declarations, functions and loops are terminated with semicolons:

for int i; < 10; print i + 1;;

formatted over many lines...

for  < 10;
  print i;
;

Comments and Whitespace:

Whitespace is discarded and is only useful for separating tokens.

# ... EOL
## ranged comment ##

Variables, Initializations & Declarations:

Initializations & Declarations will only be ran once within a given scope.

Examples

int x; # Uninitialized declaration
int x 2 + 2; # Initialized declaration to the value of 2 + 2.

# declares x & i, initializes x to i, after initializing i to 2
int x (int i 2);

# declares x with 2 and i with 3
int x 2 i 3;

# You can NOT do
float x int y; (this is a function now!)

Paren

Parens () are evaled FIRST.

parens, when used, delineate a freestanding statement. The following two lines are equivalent in result:

int x 2; x add x, 1; + 1;   #  2 + 1 + 1
int x 2; x add (x + 1), 1;; # (2 + 1) + 1 = 3 + 1

parens, when started with first with an operator or function will evaluate as non-freestanding and will not assign anything.

()'s can contain multible statements and return the last statement within them.

(int i 2; i 2;)

Arith

Arithmetic operators and functions are evaled SECOND, LTR (Left-To-Right).

i 2;
i + 2; # adds 2 to i, which in this case is 2 + 2 = 4
# The last two statements are equivalent to
i 2 + 2;

(2 + i) is equivalent in operation to (i + 2) but i is added to 2. Meaningful comparison: (i - 2) and (2 - i) respectively if i is 10 then i is mutated to: 8, -8

1 + 2 * 3 / 10;

add add 2 3; 4;

Logical

Logical operators are handled LAST and LAST-1

1 = 2;
FALSE

Functions declarations:

int func int a int b; a + b;;

Functions implementations have at least one statement.

Default arguments:

int func -1 int a 5;
  if a > 0;; # returns the default value here
  else a;; # returns a
end func;

explicit version

int func -1 int a 5;
  if a > 0;
    return;;
  else
    return a;;
end func;

calling int func3 int a 1 int b int c 3:

func3 .b 2; # specify .b

Arrays

Arrays are addressed starting at 0, meaning offset 0. Arrays are apart of the type, and may be specified implicitly or explicitly.

int [3]i 1 2 3;

With Arith, Use whitespace to make code readable, as opposed to not:

int [6]i 1 + 1 1 + 2 1 + 3 1 + 4 1 + 5 1 + 6; # worst
int [6]i 1+1 1+2 1+3 1+4 1+5 1+6; # better
int [6]i 1 + 1  1 + 2
     1 + 3  1 + 4
     1 + 5  1 + 6; # better, ration to your needs

Arbitrary scopes & Goto:

LABEL:
  int x; x 2;
;

to make scopes easier to read, there's an optional token that visualizes this,

label:
  int x;
  x
    func
      2 3 4
    end func;
  end x;
  # x is available
end label;

# x is not available

goto can be used against labels. goto is restricted to scope.

Loops

for (int i 2; i + 1;) < 4;
  print i;
end while;

This is an example of a "short" forloop. Here, we use ()'s to initialize i to 2, and then add 1 to it at each step. This loop will print 3 4.

A "long" forloop and "short" forloop would be defined as:

for <initialization> ; <conditional> ; <leading-statement> ; <statement>; ... ;
for <conditional> ; <statement> ; ... ;

hence a "long" forloop:

for int i 5; i > 0; i - 1; print i;;
# prints: 5 4 3 2 1

If

if x; print x;;

if x: a else b;;

if a;
  if b; a + b;
  else a;;
else 0;;

if a; if b; a + b; else a;; else 0;;

in C:

if (a) {
  if (b) {
    return a + b;
  } else {
    return a;
  }
}
else {
  return 0;
}

compacted:

if (a)
  if (b) return a + b;
  else return a;
else return 0;

if (a) if (b) return a + b; else return a; else return 0;