Source code, broken...

1 files changed, 1861 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/engine/skelmodel.h b/src/engine/skelmodel.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d36b35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/engine/skelmodel.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1861 @@
+VARP(gpuskel, 0, 1, 1);
+
+VAR(maxskelanimdata, 1, 192, 0);
+VAR(testtags, 0, 0, 1);
+
+#define BONEMASK_NOT  0x8000
+#define BONEMASK_END  0xFFFF
+#define BONEMASK_BONE 0x7FFF
+
+struct skelmodel : animmodel
+{
+    struct vert { vec pos, norm; vec2 tc; int blend, interpindex; };
+    struct vvert { vec pos; vec2 tc; };
+    struct vvertn : vvert { vec norm; };
+    struct vvertbump : vvert { squat tangent; };
+    struct vvertw { uchar weights[4]; uchar bones[4]; };
+    struct vvertnw : vvertn, vvertw {};
+    struct vvertbumpw : vvertbump, vvertw {};
+    struct bumpvert { quat tangent; };
+    struct tri { ushort vert[3]; };
+
+    struct blendcombo
+    {
+        int uses, interpindex;
+        float weights[4];
+        uchar bones[4], interpbones[4];
+
+        blendcombo() : uses(1)
+        {
+        }
+
+        bool operator==(const blendcombo &c) const
+        {
+            loopk(4) if(bones[k] != c.bones[k]) return false;
+            loopk(4) if(weights[k] != c.weights[k]) return false;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        int size() const
+        {
+            int i = 1;
+            while(i < 4 && weights[i]) i++;
+            return i;
+        }
+
+        static bool sortcmp(const blendcombo &x, const blendcombo &y)
+        {
+            loopi(4)
+            {
+                if(x.weights[i])
+                {
+                    if(!y.weights[i]) return true;
+                }
+                else if(y.weights[i]) return false;
+                else break;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        int addweight(int sorted, float weight, int bone)
+        {
+            if(weight <= 1e-3f) return sorted;
+            loopk(sorted) if(weight > weights[k])
+            {
+                for(int l = min(sorted-1, 2); l >= k; l--)
+                {
+                    weights[l+1] = weights[l];
+                    bones[l+1] = bones[l];
+                }
+                weights[k] = weight;
+                bones[k] = bone;
+                return sorted<4 ? sorted+1 : sorted;
+            }
+            if(sorted>=4) return sorted;
+            weights[sorted] = weight;
+            bones[sorted] = bone;
+            return sorted+1;
+        }
+        
+        void finalize(int sorted)
+        {
+            loopj(4-sorted) { weights[sorted+j] = 0; bones[sorted+j] = 0; }
+            if(sorted <= 0) return;
+            float total = 0;
+            loopj(sorted) total += weights[j];
+            total = 1.0f/total;
+            loopj(sorted) weights[j] *= total;
+        }
+
+        void serialize(vvertw &v)
+        {
+            if(interpindex >= 0)
+            {
+                v.weights[0] = 255;
+                loopk(3) v.weights[k+1] = 0;
+                v.bones[0] = 2*interpindex;
+                loopk(3) v.bones[k+1] = v.bones[0];
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                int total = 0;
+                loopk(4) total += (v.weights[k] = uchar(0.5f + weights[k]*255));
+                while(total > 255)
+                {
+                    loopk(4) if(v.weights[k] > 0 && total > 255) { v.weights[k]--; total--; } 
+                }
+                while(total < 255)
+                {
+                    loopk(4) if(v.weights[k] < 255 && total < 255) { v.weights[k]++; total++; }
+                }
+                loopk(4) v.bones[k] = 2*interpbones[k];
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+
+    struct animcacheentry
+    {
+        animstate as[MAXANIMPARTS];
+        float pitch;
+        int millis;
+        uchar *partmask;
+        ragdolldata *ragdoll;
+
+        animcacheentry() : ragdoll(NULL)
+        {
+            loopk(MAXANIMPARTS) as[k].cur.fr1 = as[k].prev.fr1 = -1;
+        }
+
+        bool operator==(const animcacheentry &c) const
+        {
+            loopi(MAXANIMPARTS) if(as[i]!=c.as[i]) return false;
+            return pitch==c.pitch && partmask==c.partmask && ragdoll==c.ragdoll && (!ragdoll || min(millis, c.millis) >= ragdoll->lastmove);
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct vbocacheentry : animcacheentry
+    {
+        GLuint vbuf;
+        int owner;
+
+        vbocacheentry() : vbuf(0), owner(-1) {}
+    };
+    
+    struct skelcacheentry : animcacheentry
+    {
+        dualquat *bdata;
+        int version;
+        bool dirty;
+ 
+        skelcacheentry() : bdata(NULL), version(-1), dirty(false) {}
+        
+        void nextversion()
+        {
+            version = Shader::uniformlocversion();
+            dirty = true;
+        } 
+    };
+
+    struct blendcacheentry : skelcacheentry
+    {
+        int owner;
+
+        blendcacheentry() : owner(-1) {}
+    };
+
+    struct skelmeshgroup;
+
+    struct skelmesh : mesh
+    {
+        vert *verts;
+        bumpvert *bumpverts;
+        tri *tris;
+        int numverts, numtris, maxweights;
+
+        int voffset, eoffset, elen;
+        ushort minvert, maxvert;
+
+        skelmesh() : verts(NULL), bumpverts(NULL), tris(NULL), numverts(0), numtris(0), maxweights(0)
+        {
+        }
+
+        virtual ~skelmesh()
+        {
+            DELETEA(verts);
+            DELETEA(bumpverts);
+            DELETEA(tris);
+        }
+
+        int addblendcombo(const blendcombo &c)
+        {
+            maxweights = max(maxweights, c.size());
+            return ((skelmeshgroup *)group)->addblendcombo(c);
+        }
+
+        void smoothnorms(float limit = 0, bool areaweight = true)
+        {
+            mesh::smoothnorms(verts, numverts, tris, numtris, limit, areaweight);
+        }
+
+        void buildnorms(bool areaweight = true)
+        {
+            mesh::buildnorms(verts, numverts, tris, numtris, areaweight);
+        }
+
+        void calctangents(bool areaweight = true)
+        {
+            if(bumpverts) return;
+            bumpverts = new bumpvert[numverts];
+            mesh::calctangents(bumpverts, verts, verts, numverts, tris, numtris, areaweight);
+        }
+
+        void calcbb(vec &bbmin, vec &bbmax, const matrix4x3 &m)
+        {
+            loopj(numverts)
+            {
+                vec v = m.transform(verts[j].pos);
+                loopi(3)
+                {
+                    bbmin[i] = min(bbmin[i], v[i]);
+                    bbmax[i] = max(bbmax[i], v[i]);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        void genBIH(BIH::mesh &m)
+        {
+            m.tris = (const BIH::tri *)tris;
+            m.numtris = numtris;
+            m.pos = (const uchar *)&verts->pos;
+            m.posstride = sizeof(vert);
+            m.tc = (const uchar *)&verts->tc;
+            m.tcstride = sizeof(vert);
+        }
+
+        static inline void assignvert(vvertn &vv, int j, vert &v, blendcombo &c)
+        {
+            vv.pos = v.pos;
+            vv.norm = v.norm;
+            vv.tc = v.tc;
+        }
+
+        inline void assignvert(vvertbump &vv, int j, vert &v, blendcombo &c)
+        {
+            vv.pos = v.pos;
+            vv.tc = v.tc;
+            vv.tangent = bumpverts[j].tangent;
+        }
+
+        static inline void assignvert(vvertnw &vv, int j, vert &v, blendcombo &c)
+        {
+            vv.pos = v.pos;
+            vv.norm = v.norm;
+            vv.tc = v.tc;
+            c.serialize(vv);
+        }
+
+        inline void assignvert(vvertbumpw &vv, int j, vert &v, blendcombo &c)
+        {
+            vv.pos = v.pos;
+            vv.tc = v.tc;
+            vv.tangent = bumpverts[j].tangent;
+            c.serialize(vv);
+        }
+
+        template<class T>
+        int genvbo(vector<ushort> &idxs, int offset, vector<T> &vverts)
+        {
+            voffset = offset;
+            eoffset = idxs.length();
+            loopi(numverts)
+            {
+                vert &v = verts[i];
+                assignvert(vverts.add(), i, v, ((skelmeshgroup *)group)->blendcombos[v.blend]);
+            }
+            loopi(numtris) loopj(3) idxs.add(voffset + tris[i].vert[j]);
+            elen = idxs.length()-eoffset;
+            minvert = voffset;
+            maxvert = voffset + numverts-1;
+            return numverts;
+        }
+
+        template<class T>
+        int genvbo(vector<ushort> &idxs, int offset, vector<T> &vverts, int *htdata, int htlen)
+        {
+            voffset = offset;
+            eoffset = idxs.length();
+            minvert = 0xFFFF;
+            loopi(numtris)
+            {
+                tri &t = tris[i];
+                loopj(3)
+                {
+                    int index = t.vert[j];
+                    vert &v = verts[index];
+                    T vv;
+                    assignvert(vv, index, v, ((skelmeshgroup *)group)->blendcombos[v.blend]);
+                    int htidx = hthash(v.pos)&(htlen-1);
+                    loopk(htlen)
+                    {
+                        int &vidx = htdata[(htidx+k)&(htlen-1)];
+                        if(vidx < 0) { vidx = idxs.add(ushort(vverts.length())); vverts.add(vv); break; }
+                        else if(!memcmp(&vverts[vidx], &vv, sizeof(vv))) { minvert = min(minvert, idxs.add(ushort(vidx))); break; }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            elen = idxs.length()-eoffset;
+            minvert = min(minvert, ushort(voffset));
+            maxvert = max(minvert, ushort(vverts.length()-1));
+            return vverts.length()-voffset;
+        }
+
+        int genvbo(vector<ushort> &idxs, int offset)
+        {
+            loopi(numverts) verts[i].interpindex = ((skelmeshgroup *)group)->remapblend(verts[i].blend);
+            
+            voffset = offset;
+            eoffset = idxs.length();
+            loopi(numtris)
+            {
+                tri &t = tris[i];
+                loopj(3) idxs.add(voffset+t.vert[j]);
+            }
+            minvert = voffset;
+            maxvert = voffset + numverts-1;
+            elen = idxs.length()-eoffset;
+            return numverts;
+        }
+
+        template<class T>
+        static inline void fillvert(T &vv, int j, vert &v)
+        {
+            vv.tc = v.tc;
+        }
+
+        template<class T>
+        void fillverts(T *vdata)
+        {
+            vdata += voffset;
+            loopi(numverts) fillvert(vdata[i], i, verts[i]);
+        }
+
+        void interpverts(const dualquat * RESTRICT bdata1, const dualquat * RESTRICT bdata2, bool tangents, void * RESTRICT vdata, skin &s)
+        {
+            const int blendoffset = ((skelmeshgroup *)group)->skel->numgpubones;
+            bdata2 -= blendoffset;
+
+            #define IPLOOP(type, dosetup, dotransform) \
+                loopi(numverts) \
+                { \
+                    const vert &src = verts[i]; \
+                    type &dst = ((type * RESTRICT)vdata)[i]; \
+                    dosetup; \
+                    const dualquat &b = (src.interpindex < blendoffset ? bdata1 : bdata2)[src.interpindex]; \
+                    dst.pos = b.transform(src.pos); \
+                    dotransform; \
+                }
+
+            if(tangents)
+            {
+                IPLOOP(vvertbump, bumpvert &bsrc = bumpverts[i],
+                {   
+                    quat q = b.transform(bsrc.tangent);
+                    fixqtangent(q, bsrc.tangent.w);
+                    dst.tangent = q;
+                });
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                IPLOOP(vvertn, ,
+                {
+                    dst.norm = b.transformnormal(src.norm);
+                });
+            }
+
+            #undef IPLOOP
+        }
+
+        void setshader(Shader *s)
+        {
+            skelmeshgroup *g = (skelmeshgroup *)group;
+            if(glaring)
+            {
+                if(!g->skel->usegpuskel) s->setvariant(0, 1);
+                else s->setvariant(min(maxweights, g->vweights), 1);
+            }
+            else if(!g->skel->usegpuskel) s->set();
+            else s->setvariant(min(maxweights, g->vweights)-1, 0);
+        }
+
+        void render(const animstate *as, skin &s, vbocacheentry &vc)
+        {
+            if(!Shader::lastshader) return;
+            glDrawRangeElements_(GL_TRIANGLES, minvert, maxvert, elen, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, &((skelmeshgroup *)group)->edata[eoffset]);
+            glde++;
+            xtravertsva += numverts;
+        }
+    };
+
+       
+    struct tag
+    {
+        char *name;
+        int bone;
+        matrix4x3 matrix;
+
+        tag() : name(NULL) {}
+        ~tag() { DELETEA(name); }
+    };
+
+    struct skelanimspec
+    {
+        char *name;
+        int frame, range;
+
+        skelanimspec() : name(NULL), frame(0), range(0) {}
+        ~skelanimspec()
+        {
+            DELETEA(name);
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct boneinfo
+    {
+        const char *name;
+        int parent, children, next, group, scheduled, interpindex, interpparent, ragdollindex, correctindex;
+        float pitchscale, pitchoffset, pitchmin, pitchmax;
+        dualquat base, invbase;
+
+        boneinfo() : name(NULL), parent(-1), children(-1), next(-1), group(INT_MAX), scheduled(-1), interpindex(-1), interpparent(-1), ragdollindex(-1), correctindex(-1), pitchscale(0), pitchoffset(0), pitchmin(0), pitchmax(0) {}
+        ~boneinfo()
+        {
+            DELETEA(name);
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct antipode
+    {
+        int parent, child;
+
+        antipode(int parent, int child) : parent(parent), child(child) {}
+    };
+
+    struct pitchdep
+    {
+        int bone, parent;
+        dualquat pose;
+    };
+
+    struct pitchtarget
+    {
+        int bone, frame, corrects, deps;
+        float pitchmin, pitchmax, deviated;
+        dualquat pose;
+    };
+
+    struct pitchcorrect
+    {
+        int bone, target, parent;
+        float pitchmin, pitchmax, pitchscale, pitchangle, pitchtotal;
+
+        pitchcorrect() : parent(-1), pitchangle(0), pitchtotal(0) {}
+    };
+
+    struct skeleton
+    {
+        char *name;
+        int shared;
+        vector<skelmeshgroup *> users;
+        boneinfo *bones;
+        int numbones, numinterpbones, numgpubones, numframes;
+        dualquat *framebones;
+        vector<skelanimspec> skelanims;
+        vector<tag> tags;
+        vector<antipode> antipodes;
+        ragdollskel *ragdoll;
+        vector<pitchdep> pitchdeps;
+        vector<pitchtarget> pitchtargets;
+        vector<pitchcorrect> pitchcorrects;
+
+        bool usegpuskel;
+        vector<skelcacheentry> skelcache;
+        hashtable<GLuint, int> blendoffsets;
+
+        skeleton() : name(NULL), shared(0), bones(NULL), numbones(0), numinterpbones(0), numgpubones(0), numframes(0), framebones(NULL), ragdoll(NULL), usegpuskel(false), blendoffsets(32)
+        {
+        }
+
+        ~skeleton()
+        {
+            DELETEA(name);
+            DELETEA(bones);
+            DELETEA(framebones);
+            DELETEP(ragdoll);
+            loopv(skelcache)
+            {
+                DELETEA(skelcache[i].bdata);
+            }
+        }
+
+        skelanimspec *findskelanim(const char *name, char sep = '\0')
+        {
+            int len = sep ? strlen(name) : 0;
+            loopv(skelanims)
+            {
+                if(skelanims[i].name)
+                {
+                    if(sep)
+                    {
+                        const char *end = strchr(skelanims[i].name, ':');
+                        if(end && end - skelanims[i].name == len && !memcmp(name, skelanims[i].name, len)) return &skelanims[i];
+                    }
+                    if(!strcmp(name, skelanims[i].name)) return &skelanims[i];
+                }
+            }
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        skelanimspec &addskelanim(const char *name)
+        {
+            skelanimspec &sa = skelanims.add();
+            sa.name = name ? newstring(name) : NULL;
+            return sa;
+        }
+
+        int findbone(const char *name)
+        {
+            loopi(numbones) if(bones[i].name && !strcmp(bones[i].name, name)) return i;
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        int findtag(const char *name)
+        {
+            loopv(tags) if(!strcmp(tags[i].name, name)) return i;
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        bool addtag(const char *name, int bone, const matrix4x3 &matrix)
+        {
+            int idx = findtag(name);
+            if(idx >= 0)
+            {
+                if(!testtags) return false;
+                tag &t = tags[idx];
+                t.bone = bone;
+                t.matrix = matrix;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                tag &t = tags.add();
+                t.name = newstring(name);
+                t.bone = bone;
+                t.matrix = matrix;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        void calcantipodes()
+        {
+            antipodes.shrink(0);
+            vector<int> schedule;
+            loopi(numbones) 
+            {
+                if(bones[i].group >= numbones) 
+                {
+                    bones[i].scheduled = schedule.length();
+                    schedule.add(i);
+                }
+                else bones[i].scheduled = -1;
+            }
+            loopv(schedule)
+            {
+                int bone = schedule[i];
+                const boneinfo &info = bones[bone];
+                loopj(numbones) if(abs(bones[j].group) == bone && bones[j].scheduled < 0)
+                {
+                    antipodes.add(antipode(info.interpindex, bones[j].interpindex));
+                    bones[j].scheduled = schedule.length();
+                    schedule.add(j);
+                }
+                if(i + 1 == schedule.length())
+                {
+                    int conflict = INT_MAX;
+                    loopj(numbones) if(bones[j].group < numbones && bones[j].scheduled < 0) conflict = min(conflict, abs(bones[j].group));
+                    if(conflict < numbones)
+                    {
+                        bones[conflict].scheduled = schedule.length();
+                        schedule.add(conflict);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        void remapbones()
+        {
+            loopi(numbones) 
+            {
+                boneinfo &info = bones[i];
+                info.interpindex = -1;
+                info.ragdollindex = -1;
+            }
+            numgpubones = 0;
+            loopv(users)
+            {
+                skelmeshgroup *group = users[i];
+                loopvj(group->blendcombos)
+                {
+                    blendcombo &c = group->blendcombos[j];
+                    loopk(4) 
+                    {
+                        if(!c.weights[k]) { c.interpbones[k] = k > 0 ? c.interpbones[k-1] : 0; continue; } 
+                        boneinfo &info = bones[c.bones[k]];
+                        if(info.interpindex < 0) info.interpindex = numgpubones++;
+                        c.interpbones[k] = info.interpindex;
+                        if(info.group < 0) continue;
+                        loopl(4)
+                        {
+                            if(!c.weights[l]) break;
+                            if(l == k) continue;
+                            int parent = c.bones[l];
+                            if(info.parent == parent || (info.parent >= 0 && info.parent == bones[parent].parent)) { info.group = -info.parent; break; }
+                            if(info.group <= parent) continue;
+                            int child = c.bones[k];
+                            while(parent > child) parent = bones[parent].parent;
+                            if(parent != child) info.group = c.bones[l];
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            numinterpbones = numgpubones;
+            loopv(tags)
+            {
+                boneinfo &info = bones[tags[i].bone];
+                if(info.interpindex < 0) info.interpindex = numinterpbones++;
+            }
+            if(ragdoll)
+            {
+                loopv(ragdoll->joints) 
+                {
+                    boneinfo &info = bones[ragdoll->joints[i].bone];
+                    if(info.interpindex < 0) info.interpindex = numinterpbones++;
+                    info.ragdollindex = i;
+                }
+            }
+            loopi(numbones)
+            {
+                boneinfo &info = bones[i];
+                if(info.interpindex < 0) continue;
+                for(int parent = info.parent; parent >= 0 && bones[parent].interpindex < 0; parent = bones[parent].parent)
+                    bones[parent].interpindex = numinterpbones++;
+            }
+            loopi(numbones)
+            {
+                boneinfo &info = bones[i];
+                if(info.interpindex < 0) continue;
+                info.interpparent = info.parent >= 0 ? bones[info.parent].interpindex : -1;
+            }
+            if(ragdoll)
+            {
+                loopi(numbones)
+                {
+                    boneinfo &info = bones[i];
+                    if(info.interpindex < 0 || info.ragdollindex >= 0) continue;
+                    for(int parent = info.parent; parent >= 0; parent = bones[parent].parent)
+                    {
+                        if(bones[parent].ragdollindex >= 0) { ragdoll->addreljoint(i, bones[parent].ragdollindex); break; }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            calcantipodes();
+        }
+
+
+        void addpitchdep(int bone, int frame)
+        {
+            for(; bone >= 0; bone = bones[bone].parent)
+            {
+                int pos = pitchdeps.length();
+                loopvj(pitchdeps) if(bone <= pitchdeps[j].bone)
+                { 
+                    if(bone == pitchdeps[j].bone) goto nextbone;
+                    pos = j;
+                    break;
+                }
+                {
+                    pitchdep d;
+                    d.bone = bone;
+                    d.parent = -1;
+                    d.pose = framebones[frame*numbones + bone];
+                    pitchdeps.insert(pos, d);
+                }
+            nextbone:;
+            }
+        }
+
+        int findpitchdep(int bone)
+        {
+            loopv(pitchdeps) if(bone <= pitchdeps[i].bone) return bone == pitchdeps[i].bone ? i : -1;
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        int findpitchcorrect(int bone)
+        {
+            loopv(pitchcorrects) if(bone <= pitchcorrects[i].bone) return bone == pitchcorrects[i].bone ? i : -1;
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        void initpitchdeps()
+        {
+            pitchdeps.setsize(0);
+            if(pitchtargets.empty()) return;
+            loopv(pitchtargets)
+            {
+                pitchtarget &t = pitchtargets[i];
+                t.deps = -1;
+                addpitchdep(t.bone, t.frame);
+            }
+            loopv(pitchdeps)
+            {
+                pitchdep &d = pitchdeps[i];
+                int parent = bones[d.bone].parent;
+                if(parent >= 0) 
+                {
+                    int j = findpitchdep(parent);
+                    if(j >= 0)
+                    {
+                        d.parent = j;
+                        d.pose.mul(pitchdeps[j].pose, dualquat(d.pose));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            loopv(pitchtargets)
+            {
+                pitchtarget &t = pitchtargets[i];
+                int j = findpitchdep(t.bone);
+                if(j >= 0)
+                {
+                    t.deps = j;
+                    t.pose = pitchdeps[j].pose;
+                }    
+                t.corrects = -1;
+                for(int parent = t.bone; parent >= 0; parent = bones[parent].parent)
+                {
+                    t.corrects = findpitchcorrect(parent);
+                    if(t.corrects >= 0) break;
+                }
+            }
+            loopv(pitchcorrects)
+            {
+                pitchcorrect &c = pitchcorrects[i];
+                bones[c.bone].correctindex = i;
+                c.parent = -1;
+                for(int parent = c.bone;;)
+                {
+                    parent = bones[parent].parent;
+                    if(parent < 0) break;
+                    c.parent = findpitchcorrect(parent);
+                    if(c.parent >= 0) break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        void optimize()
+        {
+            cleanup();
+            if(ragdoll) ragdoll->setup();
+            remapbones();
+            initpitchdeps();
+        }
+
+        void expandbonemask(uchar *expansion, int bone, int val)
+        {
+            expansion[bone] = val;
+            bone = bones[bone].children;
+            while(bone>=0) { expandbonemask(expansion, bone, val); bone = bones[bone].next; }
+        }
+
+        void applybonemask(ushort *mask, uchar *partmask, int partindex)
+        {
+            if(!mask || *mask==BONEMASK_END) return;
+            uchar *expansion = new uchar[numbones];
+            memset(expansion, *mask&BONEMASK_NOT ? 1 : 0, numbones);
+            while(*mask!=BONEMASK_END)
+            {
+                expandbonemask(expansion, *mask&BONEMASK_BONE, *mask&BONEMASK_NOT ? 0 : 1);
+                mask++;
+            }
+            loopi(numbones) if(expansion[i]) partmask[i] = partindex;
+            delete[] expansion;
+        }
+
+        void linkchildren()
+        {
+            loopi(numbones)
+            {
+                boneinfo &b = bones[i];
+                b.children = -1;
+                if(b.parent<0) b.next = -1;
+                else
+                {
+                    b.next = bones[b.parent].children;
+                    bones[b.parent].children = i;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        int availgpubones() const { return min(maxvsuniforms - reservevpparams - 10, maxskelanimdata) / 2; }
+        bool gpuaccelerate() const { return numframes && gpuskel && numgpubones<=availgpubones(); }
+
+        float calcdeviation(const vec &axis, const vec &forward, const dualquat &pose1, const dualquat &pose2)
+        {
+            vec forward1 = pose1.transformnormal(forward).project(axis).normalize(),
+                forward2 = pose2.transformnormal(forward).project(axis).normalize(),
+                daxis = vec().cross(forward1, forward2);
+            float dx = clamp(forward1.dot(forward2), -1.0f, 1.0f), dy = clamp(daxis.magnitude(), -1.0f, 1.0f);
+            if(daxis.dot(axis) < 0) dy = -dy;
+            return atan2f(dy, dx)/RAD;
+        }
+
+        void calcpitchcorrects(float pitch, const vec &axis, const vec &forward)
+        {
+            loopv(pitchtargets)
+            {
+                pitchtarget &t = pitchtargets[i];
+                t.deviated = calcdeviation(axis, forward, t.pose, pitchdeps[t.deps].pose);
+            }
+            loopv(pitchcorrects)
+            {
+                pitchcorrect &c = pitchcorrects[i];
+                c.pitchangle = c.pitchtotal = 0;
+            }
+            loopvj(pitchtargets)
+            {
+                pitchtarget &t = pitchtargets[j];
+                float tpitch = pitch - t.deviated;
+                for(int parent = t.corrects; parent >= 0; parent = pitchcorrects[parent].parent)
+                    tpitch -= pitchcorrects[parent].pitchangle;
+                if(t.pitchmin || t.pitchmax) tpitch = clamp(tpitch, t.pitchmin, t.pitchmax);
+                loopv(pitchcorrects)
+                {
+                    pitchcorrect &c = pitchcorrects[i];
+                    if(c.target != j) continue;
+                    float total = c.parent >= 0 ? pitchcorrects[c.parent].pitchtotal : 0, 
+                          avail = tpitch - total, 
+                          used = tpitch*c.pitchscale;
+                    if(c.pitchmin || c.pitchmax)
+                    {
+                        if(used < 0) used = clamp(c.pitchmin, used, 0.0f);
+                        else used = clamp(c.pitchmax, 0.0f, used);
+                    }
+                    if(used < 0) used = clamp(avail, used, 0.0f);
+                    else used = clamp(avail, 0.0f, used);
+                    c.pitchangle = used;
+                    c.pitchtotal = used + total;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        #define INTERPBONE(bone) \
+            const animstate &s = as[partmask[bone]]; \
+            const framedata &f = partframes[partmask[bone]]; \
+            dualquat d; \
+            (d = f.fr1[bone]).mul((1-s.cur.t)*s.interp); \
+            d.accumulate(f.fr2[bone], s.cur.t*s.interp); \
+            if(s.interp<1) \
+            { \
+                d.accumulate(f.pfr1[bone], (1-s.prev.t)*(1-s.interp)); \
+                d.accumulate(f.pfr2[bone], s.prev.t*(1-s.interp)); \
+            }
+
+        void interpbones(const animstate *as, float pitch, const vec &axis, const vec &forward, int numanimparts, const uchar *partmask, skelcacheentry &sc)
+        {
+            if(!sc.bdata) sc.bdata = new dualquat[numinterpbones];
+            sc.nextversion();
+            struct framedata
+            {
+                const dualquat *fr1, *fr2, *pfr1, *pfr2;
+            } partframes[MAXANIMPARTS];
+            loopi(numanimparts)
+            {
+                partframes[i].fr1 = &framebones[as[i].cur.fr1*numbones];
+                partframes[i].fr2 = &framebones[as[i].cur.fr2*numbones];
+                if(as[i].interp<1)
+                {
+                    partframes[i].pfr1 = &framebones[as[i].prev.fr1*numbones];
+                    partframes[i].pfr2 = &framebones[as[i].prev.fr2*numbones];
+                }
+            }
+            loopv(pitchdeps)
+            {
+                pitchdep &p = pitchdeps[i];
+                INTERPBONE(p.bone);
+                d.normalize();
+                if(p.parent >= 0) p.pose.mul(pitchdeps[p.parent].pose, d);
+                else p.pose = d;
+            }
+            calcpitchcorrects(pitch, axis, forward);
+            loopi(numbones) if(bones[i].interpindex>=0)
+            {
+                INTERPBONE(i);
+                const boneinfo &b = bones[i];
+                d.normalize();
+                if(b.interpparent<0) sc.bdata[b.interpindex] = d;
+                else sc.bdata[b.interpindex].mul(sc.bdata[b.interpparent], d);
+                float angle;
+                if(b.pitchscale) { angle = b.pitchscale*pitch + b.pitchoffset; if(b.pitchmin || b.pitchmax) angle = clamp(angle, b.pitchmin, b.pitchmax); }
+                else if(b.correctindex >= 0) angle = pitchcorrects[b.correctindex].pitchangle;
+                else continue;
+                if(as->cur.anim&ANIM_NOPITCH || (as->interp < 1 && as->prev.anim&ANIM_NOPITCH))
+                    angle *= (as->cur.anim&ANIM_NOPITCH ? 0 : as->interp) + (as->interp < 1 && as->prev.anim&ANIM_NOPITCH ? 0 : 1-as->interp);
+                sc.bdata[b.interpindex].mulorient(quat(axis, angle*RAD), b.base);
+            }
+            loopv(antipodes) sc.bdata[antipodes[i].child].fixantipodal(sc.bdata[antipodes[i].parent]);
+        }
+
+        void initragdoll(ragdolldata &d, skelcacheentry &sc, part *p)
+        {
+            const dualquat *bdata = sc.bdata;
+            loopv(ragdoll->joints)
+            {
+                const ragdollskel::joint &j = ragdoll->joints[i];
+                const boneinfo &b = bones[j.bone];
+                const dualquat &q = bdata[b.interpindex];
+                loopk(3) if(j.vert[k] >= 0)
+                {
+                    ragdollskel::vert &v = ragdoll->verts[j.vert[k]];
+                    ragdolldata::vert &dv = d.verts[j.vert[k]];
+                    dv.pos.add(q.transform(v.pos).mul(v.weight));
+                }
+            }
+            if(ragdoll->animjoints) loopv(ragdoll->joints)
+            {
+                const ragdollskel::joint &j = ragdoll->joints[i];
+                const boneinfo &b = bones[j.bone];
+                const dualquat &q = bdata[b.interpindex];
+                d.calcanimjoint(i, matrix4x3(q));
+            }
+            loopv(ragdoll->verts)
+            {
+                ragdolldata::vert &dv = d.verts[i];
+                matrixstack[matrixpos].transform(vec(dv.pos).add(p->translate).mul(p->model->scale), dv.pos);
+            }
+            loopv(ragdoll->reljoints)
+            {
+                const ragdollskel::reljoint &r = ragdoll->reljoints[i];
+                const ragdollskel::joint &j = ragdoll->joints[r.parent];
+                const boneinfo &br = bones[r.bone], &bj = bones[j.bone];
+                d.reljoints[i].mul(dualquat(bdata[bj.interpindex]).invert(), bdata[br.interpindex]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void genragdollbones(ragdolldata &d, skelcacheentry &sc, part *p)
+        {
+            if(!sc.bdata) sc.bdata = new dualquat[numinterpbones];
+            sc.nextversion();
+            loopv(ragdoll->joints)
+            {
+                const ragdollskel::joint &j = ragdoll->joints[i];
+                const boneinfo &b = bones[j.bone];
+                vec pos(0, 0, 0);
+                loopk(3) if(j.vert[k]>=0) pos.add(d.verts[j.vert[k]].pos);
+                pos.mul(j.weight/p->model->scale).sub(p->translate);
+                matrix4x3 m;
+                m.mul(d.tris[j.tri], pos, d.animjoints ? d.animjoints[i] : j.orient);
+                sc.bdata[b.interpindex] = dualquat(m);
+            }
+            loopv(ragdoll->reljoints)
+            {
+                const ragdollskel::reljoint &r = ragdoll->reljoints[i];
+                const ragdollskel::joint &j = ragdoll->joints[r.parent];
+                const boneinfo &br = bones[r.bone], &bj = bones[j.bone];
+                sc.bdata[br.interpindex].mul(sc.bdata[bj.interpindex], d.reljoints[i]);
+            }
+            loopv(antipodes) sc.bdata[antipodes[i].child].fixantipodal(sc.bdata[antipodes[i].parent]);
+        }
+
+        void concattagtransform(part *p, int i, const matrix4x3 &m, matrix4x3 &n)
+        {
+            matrix4x3 t;
+            t.mul(bones[tags[i].bone].base, tags[i].matrix);
+            t.posttranslate(p->translate, p->model->scale);
+            n.mul(m, t);
+        }
+
+        void calctags(part *p, skelcacheentry *sc = NULL)
+        {
+            loopv(p->links)
+            {
+                linkedpart &l = p->links[i];
+                tag &t = tags[l.tag];
+                dualquat q;
+                if(sc) q.mul(sc->bdata[bones[t.bone].interpindex], bones[t.bone].base);
+                else q = bones[t.bone].base;
+                matrix4x3 m;
+                m.mul(q, t.matrix);
+                m.d.add(p->translate).mul(p->model->scale);
+                l.matrix = m;
+            }
+        }
+
+        void cleanup(bool full = true)
+        {
+            loopv(skelcache)
+            {
+                skelcacheentry &sc = skelcache[i];
+                loopj(MAXANIMPARTS) sc.as[j].cur.fr1 = -1;
+                DELETEA(sc.bdata);
+            }
+            skelcache.setsize(0);
+            blendoffsets.clear();
+            if(full) loopv(users) users[i]->cleanup();
+        }
+
+        bool canpreload() { return !numframes || gpuaccelerate(); }
+
+        void preload()
+        {
+            if(!numframes) return;
+            if(skelcache.empty())
+            {
+                usegpuskel = gpuaccelerate();
+            }
+        }
+
+        skelcacheentry &checkskelcache(part *p, const animstate *as, float pitch, const vec &axis, const vec &forward, ragdolldata *rdata)
+        {
+            if(skelcache.empty()) 
+            {
+                usegpuskel = gpuaccelerate();
+            }
+
+            int numanimparts = ((skelpart *)as->owner)->numanimparts;
+            uchar *partmask = ((skelpart *)as->owner)->partmask;
+            skelcacheentry *sc = NULL;
+            bool match = false;
+            loopv(skelcache)
+            {
+                skelcacheentry &c = skelcache[i];
+                loopj(numanimparts) if(c.as[j]!=as[j]) goto mismatch;
+                if(c.pitch != pitch || c.partmask != partmask || c.ragdoll != rdata || (rdata && c.millis < rdata->lastmove)) goto mismatch;
+                match = true;
+                sc = &c;
+                break;
+            mismatch:
+                if(c.millis < lastmillis) { sc = &c; break; }
+            }
+            if(!sc) sc = &skelcache.add();
+            if(!match)
+            {
+                loopi(numanimparts) sc->as[i] = as[i];
+                sc->pitch = pitch;
+                sc->partmask = partmask;
+                sc->ragdoll = rdata;
+                if(rdata) genragdollbones(*rdata, *sc, p);
+                else interpbones(as, pitch, axis, forward, numanimparts, partmask, *sc);
+            }
+            sc->millis = lastmillis;
+            return *sc;
+        }
+
+        int getblendoffset(UniformLoc &u)
+        {
+            int &offset = blendoffsets.access(Shader::lastshader->program, -1);
+            if(offset < 0)
+            {
+                defformatstring(offsetname, "%s[%d]", u.name, 2*numgpubones); 
+                offset = glGetUniformLocation_(Shader::lastshader->program, offsetname);
+            }
+            return offset;
+        }
+            
+        void setglslbones(UniformLoc &u, skelcacheentry &sc, skelcacheentry &bc, int count)
+        {
+            if(u.version == bc.version && u.data == bc.bdata) return;
+            glUniform4fv_(u.loc, 2*numgpubones, sc.bdata[0].real.v);
+            if(count > 0) 
+            {
+                int offset = getblendoffset(u);
+                if(offset >= 0) glUniform4fv_(offset, 2*count, bc.bdata[0].real.v);
+            }
+            u.version = bc.version;
+            u.data = bc.bdata;
+        }
+        
+        void setgpubones(skelcacheentry &sc, blendcacheentry *bc, int count)
+        {
+            if(!Shader::lastshader) return;
+            if(Shader::lastshader->uniformlocs.length() < 1) return;
+            UniformLoc &u = Shader::lastshader->uniformlocs[0];
+            setglslbones(u, sc, bc ? *bc : sc, count);
+        }
+    
+        bool shouldcleanup() const
+        {
+            return numframes && (skelcache.empty() || gpuaccelerate()!=usegpuskel);
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct skelmeshgroup : meshgroup
+    {
+        skeleton *skel;
+
+        vector<blendcombo> blendcombos;
+        int numblends[4];
+
+        static const int MAXBLENDCACHE = 16;
+        blendcacheentry blendcache[MAXBLENDCACHE];
+
+        static const int MAXVBOCACHE = 16;
+        vbocacheentry vbocache[MAXVBOCACHE];
+ 
+        ushort *edata;
+        GLuint ebuf;
+        bool vtangents;
+        int vlen, vertsize, vblends, vweights;
+        uchar *vdata;
+
+        skelmeshgroup() : skel(NULL), edata(NULL), ebuf(0), vtangents(false), vlen(0), vertsize(0), vblends(0), vweights(0), vdata(NULL)
+        {
+            memset(numblends, 0, sizeof(numblends));
+        }
+
+        virtual ~skelmeshgroup()
+        {
+            if(skel)
+            {
+                if(skel->shared) skel->users.removeobj(this);
+                else DELETEP(skel);
+            }
+            if(ebuf) glDeleteBuffers_(1, &ebuf);
+            loopi(MAXBLENDCACHE)
+            {
+                DELETEA(blendcache[i].bdata);
+            }
+            loopi(MAXVBOCACHE)
+            {
+                if(vbocache[i].vbuf) glDeleteBuffers_(1, &vbocache[i].vbuf);
+            }
+            DELETEA(vdata);
+        }
+
+        void shareskeleton(char *name)
+        {
+            if(!name)
+            {
+                skel = new skeleton;
+                skel->users.add(this);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            static hashnameset<skeleton *> skeletons;
+            if(skeletons.access(name)) skel = skeletons[name];
+            else
+            {
+                skel = new skeleton;
+                skel->name = newstring(name);
+                skeletons.add(skel);
+            }
+            skel->users.add(this);
+            skel->shared++;
+        }
+
+        int findtag(const char *name)
+        {
+            return skel->findtag(name);
+        }
+
+        void *animkey() { return skel; }
+        int totalframes() const { return max(skel->numframes, 1); }
+
+        virtual skelanimspec *loadanim(const char *filename) { return NULL; }
+
+        void genvbo(bool tangents, vbocacheentry &vc)
+        {
+            if(!vc.vbuf) glGenBuffers_(1, &vc.vbuf);
+            if(ebuf) return;
+
+            vector<ushort> idxs;
+
+            if(tangents) loopv(meshes) ((skelmesh *)meshes[i])->calctangents();
+
+            vtangents = tangents;
+            vlen = 0;
+            vblends = 0;
+            if(skel->numframes && !skel->usegpuskel)
+            {
+                vweights = 1;
+                loopv(blendcombos)
+                {
+                    blendcombo &c = blendcombos[i];
+                    c.interpindex = c.weights[1] ? skel->numgpubones + vblends++ : -1;
+                }
+
+                vertsize = tangents ? sizeof(vvertbump) : sizeof(vvertn);
+                loopv(meshes) vlen += ((skelmesh *)meshes[i])->genvbo(idxs, vlen);
+                DELETEA(vdata);
+                vdata = new uchar[vlen*vertsize];
+                #define FILLVDATA(type) do { \
+                    loopv(meshes) ((skelmesh *)meshes[i])->fillverts((type *)vdata); \
+                } while(0)
+                if(tangents) FILLVDATA(vvertbump);
+                else FILLVDATA(vvertn);
+                #undef FILLVDATA
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if(skel->numframes)
+                {
+                    vweights = 4;
+                    int availbones = skel->availgpubones() - skel->numgpubones;
+                    while(vweights > 1 && availbones >= numblends[vweights-1]) availbones -= numblends[--vweights];
+                    loopv(blendcombos)
+                    {
+                        blendcombo &c = blendcombos[i];
+                        c.interpindex = c.size() > vweights ? skel->numgpubones + vblends++ : -1;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    vweights = 0;
+                    loopv(blendcombos) blendcombos[i].interpindex = -1;
+                }
+
+                gle::bindvbo(vc.vbuf);
+                #define GENVBO(type, args) do { \
+                    vertsize = sizeof(type); \
+                    vector<type> vverts; \
+                    loopv(meshes) vlen += ((skelmesh *)meshes[i])->genvbo args; \
+                    glBufferData_(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vverts.length()*sizeof(type), vverts.getbuf(), GL_STATIC_DRAW); \
+                } while(0)
+                #define GENVBOANIM(type) GENVBO(type, (idxs, vlen, vverts))
+                #define GENVBOSTAT(type) GENVBO(type, (idxs, vlen, vverts, htdata, htlen))
+                if(skel->numframes)
+                {
+                    if(tangents) GENVBOANIM(vvertbumpw);
+                    else GENVBOANIM(vvertnw);
+                }
+                else 
+                {
+                    int numverts = 0, htlen = 128;
+                    loopv(meshes) numverts += ((skelmesh *)meshes[i])->numverts;
+                    while(htlen < numverts) htlen *= 2;
+                    if(numverts*4 > htlen*3) htlen *= 2;  
+                    int *htdata = new int[htlen];
+                    memset(htdata, -1, htlen*sizeof(int));
+                    if(tangents) GENVBOSTAT(vvertbump);
+                    else GENVBOSTAT(vvertn);
+                    delete[] htdata;
+                }
+                #undef GENVBO
+                #undef GENVBOANIM
+                #undef GENVBOSTAT
+                gle::clearvbo();
+            }
+
+            glGenBuffers_(1, &ebuf);
+            gle::bindebo(ebuf);
+            glBufferData_(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, idxs.length()*sizeof(ushort), idxs.getbuf(), GL_STATIC_DRAW);
+            gle::clearebo();
+        }
+
+        void bindvbo(const animstate *as, vbocacheentry &vc, skelcacheentry *sc = NULL, blendcacheentry *bc = NULL)
+        {
+            vvert *vverts = 0;
+            bindpos(ebuf, vc.vbuf, &vverts->pos, vertsize);
+            if(as->cur.anim&ANIM_NOSKIN)
+            {
+                if(enabletc) disabletc();
+                if(enablenormals) disablenormals();
+                if(enabletangents) disabletangents();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if(vtangents)
+                {
+                    if(enablenormals) disablenormals();
+                    vvertbump *vvertbumps = 0;
+                    bindtangents(&vvertbumps->tangent, vertsize);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    if(enabletangents) disabletangents();
+                    vvertn *vvertns = 0;
+                    bindnormals(&vvertns->norm, vertsize);
+                }
+
+                bindtc(&vverts->tc, vertsize);
+            }
+            if(!sc || !skel->usegpuskel)
+            {
+                if(enablebones) disablebones();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if(vtangents) 
+                {
+                    vvertbumpw *vvertbumpws = 0;
+                    bindbones(vvertbumpws->weights, vvertbumpws->bones, vertsize);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    vvertnw *vvertnws = 0;
+                    bindbones(vvertnws->weights, vvertnws->bones, vertsize);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        void concattagtransform(part *p, int i, const matrix4x3 &m, matrix4x3 &n)
+        {
+            skel->concattagtransform(p, i, m, n);
+        }
+
+        int addblendcombo(const blendcombo &c)
+        {
+            loopv(blendcombos) if(blendcombos[i]==c)
+            {
+                blendcombos[i].uses += c.uses;
+                return i;
+            }
+            numblends[c.size()-1]++;
+            blendcombo &a = blendcombos.add(c);
+            return a.interpindex = blendcombos.length()-1; 
+        }
+
+        void sortblendcombos()
+        {
+            blendcombos.sort(blendcombo::sortcmp);
+            int *remap = new int[blendcombos.length()];
+            loopv(blendcombos) remap[blendcombos[i].interpindex] = i;
+            loopv(meshes)
+            {
+                skelmesh *m = (skelmesh *)meshes[i];
+                loopj(m->numverts)
+                {
+                    vert &v = m->verts[j];
+                    v.blend = remap[v.blend];
+                }
+            }
+            delete[] remap;
+        }
+
+        int remapblend(int blend)
+        {
+            const blendcombo &c = blendcombos[blend];
+            return c.weights[1] ? c.interpindex : c.interpbones[0];
+        }
+
+        static inline void blendbones(dualquat &d, const dualquat *bdata, const blendcombo &c)
+        {
+            d = bdata[c.interpbones[0]];
+            d.mul(c.weights[0]);
+            d.accumulate(bdata[c.interpbones[1]], c.weights[1]);
+            if(c.weights[2])
+            {
+                d.accumulate(bdata[c.interpbones[2]], c.weights[2]);
+                if(c.weights[3]) d.accumulate(bdata[c.interpbones[3]], c.weights[3]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void blendbones(const skelcacheentry &sc, blendcacheentry &bc)
+        {
+            bc.nextversion();
+            if(!bc.bdata) bc.bdata = new dualquat[vblends];
+            dualquat *dst = bc.bdata - skel->numgpubones;
+            bool normalize = !skel->usegpuskel || vweights<=1;
+            loopv(blendcombos)
+            {
+                const blendcombo &c = blendcombos[i];
+                if(c.interpindex<0) break;
+                dualquat &d = dst[c.interpindex];
+                blendbones(d, sc.bdata, c);
+                if(normalize) d.normalize();
+            }
+        }
+
+        void cleanup()
+        {
+            loopi(MAXBLENDCACHE)
+            {
+                blendcacheentry &c = blendcache[i];
+                DELETEA(c.bdata);
+                c.owner = -1;
+            }
+            loopi(MAXVBOCACHE)
+            {
+                vbocacheentry &c = vbocache[i];
+                if(c.vbuf) { glDeleteBuffers_(1, &c.vbuf); c.vbuf = 0; }
+                c.owner = -1;
+            }
+            if(ebuf) { glDeleteBuffers_(1, &ebuf); ebuf = 0; }
+            if(skel) skel->cleanup(false);
+        }
+
+        #define SEARCHCACHE(cachesize, cacheentry, cache, reusecheck) \
+            loopi(cachesize) \
+            { \
+                cacheentry &c = cache[i]; \
+                if(c.owner==owner) \
+                { \
+                     if(c==sc) return c; \
+                     else c.owner = -1; \
+                     break; \
+                } \
+            } \
+            loopi(cachesize-1) \
+            { \
+                cacheentry &c = cache[i]; \
+                if(reusecheck c.owner < 0 || c.millis < lastmillis) \
+                    return c; \
+            } \
+            return cache[cachesize-1];
+
+        vbocacheentry &checkvbocache(skelcacheentry &sc, int owner)
+        {
+            SEARCHCACHE(MAXVBOCACHE, vbocacheentry, vbocache, !c.vbuf || );
+        }
+
+        blendcacheentry &checkblendcache(skelcacheentry &sc, int owner)
+        {
+            SEARCHCACHE(MAXBLENDCACHE, blendcacheentry, blendcache, )
+        }
+
+        void preload(part *p)
+        {
+            if(!skel->canpreload()) return;
+            bool tangents = false;
+            loopv(p->skins) if(p->skins[i].tangents()) tangents = true;
+            if(skel->shouldcleanup()) skel->cleanup();
+            else if(tangents!=vtangents) cleanup();
+            skel->preload();
+            if(!vbocache->vbuf) genvbo(tangents, *vbocache);
+        }
+
+        void render(const animstate *as, float pitch, const vec &axis, const vec &forward, dynent *d, part *p)
+        {
+            bool tangents = false;
+            loopv(p->skins) if(p->skins[i].tangents()) tangents = true;
+            if(skel->shouldcleanup()) { skel->cleanup(); disablevbo(); }
+            else if(tangents!=vtangents) { cleanup(); disablevbo(); }
+
+            if(!skel->numframes)
+            {
+                if(!(as->cur.anim&ANIM_NORENDER))
+                {
+                    if(!vbocache->vbuf) genvbo(tangents, *vbocache);
+                    bindvbo(as, *vbocache);
+                    loopv(meshes) 
+                    {
+                        skelmesh *m = (skelmesh *)meshes[i];
+                        p->skins[i].bind(m, as);
+                        m->render(as, p->skins[i], *vbocache);
+                    }
+                }
+                skel->calctags(p);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            skelcacheentry &sc = skel->checkskelcache(p, as, pitch, axis, forward, as->cur.anim&ANIM_RAGDOLL || !d || !d->ragdoll || d->ragdoll->skel != skel->ragdoll ? NULL : d->ragdoll);
+            if(!(as->cur.anim&ANIM_NORENDER))
+            {
+                int owner = &sc-&skel->skelcache[0];
+                vbocacheentry &vc = skel->usegpuskel ? *vbocache : checkvbocache(sc, owner);
+                vc.millis = lastmillis;
+                if(!vc.vbuf) genvbo(tangents, vc);
+                blendcacheentry *bc = NULL;
+                if(vblends)
+                {
+                    bc = &checkblendcache(sc, owner);
+                    bc->millis = lastmillis;
+                    if(bc->owner!=owner)
+                    {
+                        bc->owner = owner;
+                        *(animcacheentry *)bc = sc;
+                        blendbones(sc, *bc);
+                    }
+                }
+                if(!skel->usegpuskel && vc.owner!=owner)
+                { 
+                    vc.owner = owner;
+                    (animcacheentry &)vc = sc;
+                    loopv(meshes)
+                    {
+                        skelmesh &m = *(skelmesh *)meshes[i];
+                        m.interpverts(sc.bdata, bc ? bc->bdata : NULL, tangents, vdata + m.voffset*vertsize, p->skins[i]);
+                    }
+                    gle::bindvbo(vc.vbuf);
+                    glBufferData_(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vlen*vertsize, vdata, GL_STREAM_DRAW);
+                }
+
+                bindvbo(as, vc, &sc, bc);
+                loopv(meshes) 
+                {
+                    skelmesh *m = (skelmesh *)meshes[i];
+                    p->skins[i].bind(m, as);
+                    if(skel->usegpuskel) skel->setgpubones(sc, bc, vblends);
+                    m->render(as, p->skins[i], vc);
+                }
+            }
+
+            skel->calctags(p, &sc);
+
+            if(as->cur.anim&ANIM_RAGDOLL && skel->ragdoll && !d->ragdoll)
+            {
+                d->ragdoll = new ragdolldata(skel->ragdoll, p->model->scale);
+                skel->initragdoll(*d->ragdoll, sc, p);
+                d->ragdoll->init(d);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct animpartmask
+    {
+        animpartmask *next;
+        int numbones;
+        uchar bones[1];
+    };
+
+    struct skelpart : part
+    {
+        animpartmask *buildingpartmask;
+
+        uchar *partmask;
+        
+        skelpart(animmodel *model, int index = 0) : part(model, index), buildingpartmask(NULL), partmask(NULL)
+        {
+        }
+
+        virtual ~skelpart()
+        {
+            DELETEA(buildingpartmask);
+        }
+
+        uchar *sharepartmask(animpartmask *o)
+        {
+            static animpartmask *partmasks = NULL;
+            animpartmask *p = partmasks;
+            for(; p; p = p->next) if(p->numbones==o->numbones && !memcmp(p->bones, o->bones, p->numbones))
+            {
+                delete[] (uchar *)o;
+                return p->bones;
+            }
+
+            o->next = p;
+            partmasks = o;
+            return o->bones;
+        }
+
+        animpartmask *newpartmask()
+        {
+            animpartmask *p = (animpartmask *)new uchar[sizeof(animpartmask) + ((skelmeshgroup *)meshes)->skel->numbones-1];
+            p->numbones = ((skelmeshgroup *)meshes)->skel->numbones;
+            memset(p->bones, 0, p->numbones);
+            return p;
+        }
+
+        void initanimparts()
+        {
+            DELETEA(buildingpartmask);
+            buildingpartmask = newpartmask();
+        }
+
+        bool addanimpart(ushort *bonemask)
+        {
+            if(!buildingpartmask || numanimparts>=MAXANIMPARTS) return false;
+            ((skelmeshgroup *)meshes)->skel->applybonemask(bonemask, buildingpartmask->bones, numanimparts);
+            numanimparts++;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        void endanimparts()
+        {
+            if(buildingpartmask)
+            {
+                partmask = sharepartmask(buildingpartmask);
+                buildingpartmask = NULL;
+            }
+
+            ((skelmeshgroup *)meshes)->skel->optimize();
+        }
+
+        void loaded()
+        {
+            endanimparts();
+            part::loaded();
+        }
+    };
+
+    skelmodel(const char *name) : animmodel(name)
+    {
+    }
+
+    int linktype(animmodel *m) const
+    {
+        return type()==m->type() &&
+            ((skelmeshgroup *)parts[0]->meshes)->skel == ((skelmeshgroup *)m->parts[0]->meshes)->skel ? 
+                LINK_REUSE : 
+                LINK_TAG;
+    }
+    
+    bool skeletal() const { return true; }
+
+    skelpart &addpart()
+    {
+        flushpart();
+        skelpart *p = new skelpart(this, parts.length());
+        parts.add(p);
+        return *p;
+    }
+};
+
+struct skeladjustment
+{
+    float yaw, pitch, roll;
+    vec translate;
+
+    skeladjustment(float yaw, float pitch, float roll, const vec &translate) : yaw(yaw), pitch(pitch), roll(roll), translate(translate) {}
+
+    void adjust(dualquat &dq)
+    {
+        if(yaw) dq.mulorient(quat(vec(0, 0, 1), yaw*RAD));
+        if(pitch) dq.mulorient(quat(vec(0, -1, 0), pitch*RAD));
+        if(roll) dq.mulorient(quat(vec(-1, 0, 0), roll*RAD));
+        if(!translate.iszero()) dq.translate(translate);
+    }
+};
+
+template<class MDL> struct skelloader : modelloader<MDL, skelmodel>
+{
+    static vector<skeladjustment> adjustments;
+
+    skelloader(const char *name) : modelloader<MDL, skelmodel>(name) {}
+
+    void flushpart()
+    {
+        adjustments.setsize(0);
+    }
+};
+
+template<class MDL> vector<skeladjustment> skelloader<MDL>::adjustments;
+
+template<class MDL> struct skelcommands : modelcommands<MDL, struct MDL::skelmesh>
+{
+    typedef modelcommands<MDL, struct MDL::skelmesh> commands;
+    typedef struct MDL::skeleton skeleton;
+    typedef struct MDL::skelmeshgroup meshgroup;
+    typedef struct MDL::skelpart part;
+    typedef struct MDL::skin skin;
+    typedef struct MDL::boneinfo boneinfo;
+    typedef struct MDL::skelanimspec animspec;
+    typedef struct MDL::pitchdep pitchdep;
+    typedef struct MDL::pitchtarget pitchtarget;
+    typedef struct MDL::pitchcorrect pitchcorrect;
+
+    static void loadpart(char *meshfile, char *skelname, float *smooth)
+    {
+        if(!MDL::loading) { conoutf(CON_ERROR, "not loading an %s", MDL::formatname()); return; }
+        defformatstring(filename, "%s/%s", MDL::dir, meshfile);
+        part &mdl = MDL::loading->addpart();
+        mdl.pitchscale = mdl.pitchoffset = mdl.pitchmin = mdl.pitchmax = 0;
+        mdl.meshes = MDL::loading->sharemeshes(path(filename), skelname[0] ? skelname : NULL, double(*smooth > 0 ? cos(clamp(*smooth, 0.0f, 180.0f)*RAD) : 2));
+        if(!mdl.meshes) conoutf(CON_ERROR, "could not load %s", filename);
+        else
+        {
+            mdl.initanimparts();
+            mdl.initskins();
+        }
+    }
+   
+    static void settag(char *name, char *tagname, float *tx, float *ty, float *tz, float *rx, float *ry, float *rz)
+    {
+        if(!MDL::loading || MDL::loading->parts.empty()) { conoutf(CON_ERROR, "not loading an %s", MDL::formatname()); return; }
+        part &mdl = *(part *)MDL::loading->parts.last();
+        int i = mdl.meshes ? ((meshgroup *)mdl.meshes)->skel->findbone(name) : -1;
+        if(i >= 0)
+        {
+            float cx = *rx ? cosf(*rx/2*RAD) : 1, sx = *rx ? sinf(*rx/2*RAD) : 0,
+                  cy = *ry ? cosf(*ry/2*RAD) : 1, sy = *ry ? sinf(*ry/2*RAD) : 0,
+                  cz = *rz ? cosf(*rz/2*RAD) : 1, sz = *rz ? sinf(*rz/2*RAD) : 0;
+            matrix4x3 m(matrix3(quat(sx*cy*cz - cx*sy*sz, cx*sy*cz + sx*cy*sz, cx*cy*sz - sx*sy*cz, cx*cy*cz + sx*sy*sz)),
+                        vec(*tx, *ty, *tz));
+            ((meshgroup *)mdl.meshes)->skel->addtag(tagname, i, m);
+            return;
+        }
+        conoutf(CON_ERROR, "could not find bone %s for tag %s", name, tagname);
+    }
+
+    static void setpitch(char *name, float *pitchscale, float *pitchoffset, float *pitchmin, float *pitchmax)
+    {
+        if(!MDL::loading || MDL::loading->parts.empty()) { conoutf(CON_ERROR, "not loading an %s", MDL::formatname()); return; }
+        part &mdl = *(part *)MDL::loading->parts.last();
+    
+        if(name[0])
+        {
+            int i = mdl.meshes ? ((meshgroup *)mdl.meshes)->skel->findbone(name) : -1;
+            if(i>=0)
+            {
+                boneinfo &b = ((meshgroup *)mdl.meshes)->skel->bones[i];
+                b.pitchscale = *pitchscale;
+                b.pitchoffset = *pitchoffset;
+                if(*pitchmin || *pitchmax)
+                {
+                    b.pitchmin = *pitchmin;
+                    b.pitchmax = *pitchmax;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    b.pitchmin = -360*fabs(b.pitchscale) + b.pitchoffset;
+                    b.pitchmax = 360*fabs(b.pitchscale) + b.pitchoffset;
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+            conoutf(CON_ERROR, "could not find bone %s to pitch", name);
+            return;
+        }
+    
+        mdl.pitchscale = *pitchscale;
+        mdl.pitchoffset = *pitchoffset;
+        if(*pitchmin || *pitchmax)
+        {
+            mdl.pitchmin = *pitchmin;
+            mdl.pitchmax = *pitchmax;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            mdl.pitchmin = -360*fabs(mdl.pitchscale) + mdl.pitchoffset;
+            mdl.pitchmax = 360*fabs(mdl.pitchscale) + mdl.pitchoffset;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void setpitchtarget(char *name, char *animfile, int *frameoffset, float *pitchmin, float *pitchmax)
+    {
+        if(!MDL::loading || MDL::loading->parts.empty()) { conoutf(CON_ERROR, "not loading an %s", MDL::formatname()); return; }
+        part &mdl = *(part *)MDL::loading->parts.last();
+        if(!mdl.meshes) return;
+        defformatstring(filename, "%s/%s", MDL::dir, animfile);
+        animspec *sa = ((meshgroup *)mdl.meshes)->loadanim(path(filename));
+        if(!sa) { conoutf(CON_ERROR, "could not load %s anim file %s", MDL::formatname(), filename); return; }
+        skeleton *skel = ((meshgroup *)mdl.meshes)->skel;
+        int bone = skel ? skel->findbone(name) : -1;
+        if(bone < 0)
+        {
+            conoutf(CON_ERROR, "could not find bone %s to pitch target", name);
+            return;
+        }
+        loopv(skel->pitchtargets) if(skel->pitchtargets[i].bone == bone) return;
+        pitchtarget &t = skel->pitchtargets.add();
+        t.bone = bone;
+        t.frame = sa->frame + clamp(*frameoffset, 0, sa->range-1);
+        t.pitchmin = *pitchmin;
+        t.pitchmax = *pitchmax;
+    }
+
+    static void setpitchcorrect(char *name, char *targetname, float *scale, float *pitchmin, float *pitchmax)
+    {
+        if(!MDL::loading || MDL::loading->parts.empty()) { conoutf(CON_ERROR, "not loading an %s", MDL::formatname()); return; }
+        part &mdl = *(part *)MDL::loading->parts.last();
+        if(!mdl.meshes) return;
+        skeleton *skel = ((meshgroup *)mdl.meshes)->skel;
+        int bone = skel ? skel->findbone(name) : -1;
+        if(bone < 0)
+        {
+            conoutf(CON_ERROR, "could not find bone %s to pitch correct", name);
+            return;
+        }
+        if(skel->findpitchcorrect(bone) >= 0) return;
+        int targetbone = skel->findbone(targetname), target = -1;
+        if(targetbone >= 0) loopv(skel->pitchtargets) if(skel->pitchtargets[i].bone == targetbone) { target = i; break; }
+        if(target < 0)
+        {
+            conoutf(CON_ERROR, "could not find pitch target %s to pitch correct %s", targetname, name);
+            return;
+        }
+        pitchcorrect c;
+        c.bone = bone;
+        c.target = target;
+        c.pitchmin = *pitchmin;
+        c.pitchmax = *pitchmax;
+        c.pitchscale = *scale;
+        int pos = skel->pitchcorrects.length();
+        loopv(skel->pitchcorrects) if(bone <= skel->pitchcorrects[i].bone) { pos = i; break; }
+        skel->pitchcorrects.insert(pos, c); 
+    }
+
+    static void setanim(char *anim, char *animfile, float *speed, int *priority, int *startoffset, int *endoffset)
+    {
+        if(!MDL::loading || MDL::loading->parts.empty()) { conoutf(CON_ERROR, "not loading an %s", MDL::formatname()); return; }
+    
+        vector<int> anims;
+        findanims(anim, anims);
+        if(anims.empty()) conoutf(CON_ERROR, "could not find animation %s", anim);
+        else
+        {
+            part *p = (part *)MDL::loading->parts.last();
+            if(!p->meshes) return;
+            defformatstring(filename, "%s/%s", MDL::dir, animfile);
+            animspec *sa = ((meshgroup *)p->meshes)->loadanim(path(filename));
+            if(!sa) conoutf(CON_ERROR, "could not load %s anim file %s", MDL::formatname(), filename);
+            else loopv(anims)
+            {
+                int start = sa->frame, end = sa->range;
+                if(*startoffset > 0) start += min(*startoffset, end-1);
+                else if(*startoffset < 0) start += max(end + *startoffset, 0);
+                end -= start - sa->frame;
+                if(*endoffset > 0) end = min(end, *endoffset);
+                else if(*endoffset < 0) end = max(end + *endoffset, 1); 
+                MDL::loading->parts.last()->setanim(p->numanimparts-1, anims[i], start, end, *speed, *priority);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    static void setanimpart(char *maskstr)
+    {
+        if(!MDL::loading || MDL::loading->parts.empty()) { conoutf(CON_ERROR, "not loading an %s", MDL::formatname()); return; }
+    
+        part *p = (part *)MDL::loading->parts.last();
+    
+        vector<char *> bonestrs;
+        explodelist(maskstr, bonestrs);
+        vector<ushort> bonemask;
+        loopv(bonestrs)
+        {
+            char *bonestr = bonestrs[i];
+            int bone = p->meshes ? ((meshgroup *)p->meshes)->skel->findbone(bonestr[0]=='!' ? bonestr+1 : bonestr) : -1;
+            if(bone<0) { conoutf(CON_ERROR, "could not find bone %s for anim part mask [%s]", bonestr, maskstr); bonestrs.deletearrays(); return; }
+            bonemask.add(bone | (bonestr[0]=='!' ? BONEMASK_NOT : 0));
+        }
+        bonestrs.deletearrays();
+        bonemask.sort();
+        if(bonemask.length()) bonemask.add(BONEMASK_END);
+    
+        if(!p->addanimpart(bonemask.getbuf())) conoutf(CON_ERROR, "too many animation parts");
+    }
+
+    static void setadjust(char *name, float *yaw, float *pitch, float *roll, float *tx, float *ty, float *tz)
+    {
+        if(!MDL::loading || MDL::loading->parts.empty()) { conoutf(CON_ERROR, "not loading an %s", MDL::formatname()); return; }
+        part &mdl = *(part *)MDL::loading->parts.last();
+
+        if(!name[0]) return;
+        int i = mdl.meshes ? ((meshgroup *)mdl.meshes)->skel->findbone(name) : -1;
+        if(i < 0) {  conoutf(CON_ERROR, "could not find bone %s to adjust", name); return; }
+        while(!MDL::adjustments.inrange(i)) MDL::adjustments.add(skeladjustment(0, 0, 0, vec(0, 0, 0)));
+        MDL::adjustments[i] = skeladjustment(*yaw, *pitch, *roll, vec(*tx/4, *ty/4, *tz/4));
+    }
+    
+    skelcommands()
+    {
+        if(MDL::multiparted()) this->modelcommand(loadpart, "load", "ssf");
+        this->modelcommand(settag, "tag", "ssffffff");
+        this->modelcommand(setpitch, "pitch", "sffff");
+        this->modelcommand(setpitchtarget, "pitchtarget", "ssiff");
+        this->modelcommand(setpitchcorrect, "pitchcorrect", "ssfff");
+        if(MDL::animated())
+        {
+            this->modelcommand(setanim, "anim", "ssfiii");
+            this->modelcommand(setanimpart, "animpart", "s");
+            this->modelcommand(setadjust, "adjust", "sffffff");
+        }
+    }
+};
+