chad_standard/miscellaneous/emils_fever_dream_language.md

Emil's Fever Dream Language (EFDL)

## Basic

EFDL is case sensitive, but I recommend you use lower case and snake_case.

Statements, declarations, functions and loops are terminated with semicolons:

    for int i; < 10; print i + 1;;

formatted over many lines...

    for  < 10;
      print i;
    ;

Comments and Whitespace:

Whitespace is discarded and is only useful for separating tokens.

    # ... EOL
    ## ranged comment ##

Variables, Initializations & Declarations:

Initializations & Declarations will only be ran once within a given scope.

## Examples

    int x; # Uninitialized declaration
    int x 2 + 2; # Initialized declaration to the value of 2 + 2.

    # declares x & i, initializes x to i, after initializing i to 2
    int x (int i 2);

    # declares x with 2 and i with 3
    int x 2 i 3;

    # You can NOT do
    float x int y; (this is a function now!)

## Paren

Parens () are evaled FIRST.

parens, when used, delineate a freestanding statement.
The following two lines are equivalent in result:

    int x 2; x add x, 1; + 1;   #  2 + 1 + 1
    int x 2; x add (x + 1), 1;; # (2 + 1) + 1 = 3 + 1

parens, when started with first with an operator or function will evaluate as non-freestanding and will not assign anything.

()'s can contain multible statements and return the last statement within them.

    (int i 2; i 2;)

## Arith

Arithmetic operators and functions are evaled SECOND, LTR (Left-To-Right).

    i 2;
    i + 2; # adds 2 to i, which in this case is 2 + 2 = 4
    # The last two statements are equivalent to
    i 2 + 2;

(2 + i) is equivalent in operation to (i + 2) but i is added to 2.
Meaningful comparison: (i - 2) and (2 - i) respectively if i is 10 then i is mutated to: 8, -8

    1 + 2 * 3 / 10;

    add add 2 3; 4;

## Logical

Logical operators are handled LAST and LAST-1

    1 = 2;
    FALSE

Functions declarations:

    int func int a int b; a + b;;

Functions implementations have at least one statement.

Default arguments:

    int func -1 int a 5;
      if a > 0;; # returns the default value here
      else a;; # returns a
    end func;

explicit version

    int func -1 int a 5;
      if a > 0;
        return;;
      else
        return a;;
    end func;

calling int func3 int a 1 int b int c 3:

    func3 .b 2; # specify .b

## Arrays

Arrays are addressed starting at 0, meaning offset 0.
Arrays are apart of the type, and may be specified implicitly or explicitly.

    int [3]i 1 2 3;

With Arith,
Use whitespace to make code readable, as opposed to not:

    int [6]i 1 + 1 1 + 2 1 + 3 1 + 4 1 + 5 1 + 6; # worst
    int [6]i 1+1 1+2 1+3 1+4 1+5 1+6; # better
    int [6]i 1 + 1  1 + 2
         1 + 3  1 + 4
         1 + 5  1 + 6; # better, ration to your needs

Arbitrary scopes & Goto:

    LABEL:
      int x; x 2;
    ;

to make scopes easier to read, there's an optional token that visualizes this,

    label:
      int x;
      x
        func
          2 3 4
        end func;
      end x;
      # x is available
    end label;

    # x is not available

goto can be used against labels.
goto is restricted to scope.

## Loops

    for (int i 2; i + 1;) < 4;
      print i;
    end while;

This is an example of a "short" forloop.
Here, we use ()'s to initialize i to 2, and then add 1 to it at each step. This loop will print 3 4.

A "long" forloop and "short" forloop would be defined as:

    for <initialization> ; <conditional> ; <leading-statement> ; <statement>; ... ;
    for <conditional> ; <statement> ; ... ;

hence a "long" forloop:

    for int i 5; i > 0; i - 1; print i;;
    # prints: 5 4 3 2 1

## If

    if x; print x;;

    if x: a else b;;

    if a;
      if b; a + b;
      else a;;
    else 0;;

    if a; if b; a + b; else a;; else 0;;

in C:

    if (a) {
      if (b) {
        return a + b;
      } else {
        return a;
      }
    }
    else {
      return 0;
    }

compacted:

    if (a)
      if (b) return a + b;
      else return a;
    else return 0;

    if (a) if (b) return a + b; else return a; else return 0;